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Supplementary material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: Glossary ROS Reactive oxygen species RNS Reactive nitrogen species O 2 • ˉ Superoxide anion radical H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide • OH Hydroxyl radicals 1 O 2 Singlet oxygen SOD Superoxide dismutase CAT Catalase GPx Glutathione peroxidase UA Uric acid GSH Glutathione ROO • Peroxyl radical • NO Nitric oxide • NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide HOCl Hypochlorous acid HOBr Hypobromous acid O 3 Ozone HNO 2 Nitrous acid NO + nitrosyl cation NO − Nitroxyl anion N 2 O 3 Dinitrogen trioxide N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetraoxide NO 2 + Nitronium (nitryl) cation ROOH Hydroperoxides HCOR Aldehydes OONO − Peroxynitrite O 2 Molecular oxygen HO 2 Hydroperoxyl radical HOO • Per hydroxyl radical NOS Nitric oxide synthases nNOS Neuronal NOS eNOS Endothelial NOS iNOS Inducible NOS NO 2 - Nitrite NO 3 - Nitrate CO 2 Carbon dioxide ONOOCO 2 − Peroxo carboxylate ONOOH Peroxynitrous acid NO 2 ∙+ Nitrosonium cation HOCl Hypochlorous acid HOBr Hypobromous acid MPO Myeloperoxidase EPO Eosinophil peroxidase ∙ Q - Semiquinone anion NOX NADPH oxidase UVA Ultraviolet A 8-oxoGua 8-Oxo-7,8- dihydroguanine PFAS Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances GST Glutathione-S-transferases GR Glutathione reductase BPA Bisphenol A BPAG Bisphenol A glucuronide BPAS Bisphenol A sulfate Dox Doxorubicin GSTP1 Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 H₂DCFDA 2´7´-dichlorofluorescin diacetate H₂DCF 2’7’-dichlorofluorescin DCF 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein DHE Dihydroethidium 2-OH-E+ 2-hydroxyethidium E+ Ethidium cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase PI3Ks Phosphoinositide 3-kinases PTEN Phosphatase and TENsin homolog Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 Srx1 Sulfiredoxin 1 PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids CH 2 Methylene group L • lipid radical LOO • Lipid peroxyl radical LA Linoleic acid AA Arachidonic acid EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid DHA Docosahexaenoic acid LOOH Lipid hydroperoxides H(P)ODEs Hydro(pero)xyoctadienoates MDA Malondialdehyde 4-HNE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-HNE-MA 4-Hydroxynonenalmercapturic acid 4-ONE 4-Oxo-2-nonenal CML Carboxymethyl lysine PG Prostaglandin IsoPs Isoprostanes F2-IsoP F2-isoprostanes 8-isoPGF 2 α 8-isoprostaglandin F 2 α 11-PGF2α 11-β-prostaglandin F2α 15-PGF2α 15-prostaglandin F2α 8-OHdG 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine 8-OHG 8-Hydroxyguanine 8-NO2-G 8-nitroguanine 8-oxoG 8-hydroxyguanosine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine AD Alzheimer’s disease PD Parkinson’s disease 8-NdG 8-nitroguanosine GSSG Glutathione disulfide AOPP Advanced Oxidation Protein Products AGEs Advanced glycation end products CoQ10 Coenzyme Q10 TRX Thioredoxins TRR Thioredoxin reductases PRX Thioredoxin peroxidases GRX Glutaredoxins TRX1 Thioredoxin-1 TRX2 Thioredoxin-2 CoQ10H 2 Ubiquinol ALA α-Lipoic acid DHLA Dihydrolipoic acid NMN Nicotinamide mononucleotide ARE Antioxidant response element MMPs Metalloproteases SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype References Ahsan H